Physics is the mathematical interpretation of natural science.
And science is simply an all-encompassing term we use to describe nature in all its forms; genetics, biology, chemistry, electricity, astronomy, etc.
Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton defined the mathematical laws of nature more than 300 years ago, and - until the beginning of the twentieth century - all physicists followed their lead, and science progressed.
Today, we confuse the issue by treating science and physics differently. For some inexplicable reason we still believe that science is the art of experimentation, just as it was at the start of the industrial revolution. It isn't.
If a natural feature cannot be explained by the same laws of physics, it isn't science. This is why Relativity and Quantum theory fail so easily.

These mistakes spawned an ever-increasing number of fantastic theories; dark matter, photons, uncertainty, string-theories, sub-atomic particles, cosmic eggs, black-holes, anti-matter, event-horizons, etc. none of which could be verified either with the known laws of physics or even with each other. Over the following 120 years, the scientific community simply continued to create weird and wonderful theories that tried - and failed - to make sense of them. We have now reached a point where none of today's scientific theories bear any relationship to reality.

However, after starting all over again (returning to pre-20th century science), Keith Dixon-Roche has managed to generate a single scientific theory that can predict the behaviour and properties of the entire universe, from the electron to the 'Big-Bang' that reflects exactly what we see around us. His latest book; The Mathematical Laws of Natural Science, explains this theory and this calculator proves that it works.

It is important to understand that all genuine scientific laws of nature are invariable. Statistics only apply to the consequences of these laws, never the laws themselves. The mathematical laws of science are simple, just as you would expect. They can be understood by anybody with a slight mathematical and technical bent.

The Physics Calculator - Technical Help

Units

All units in this calculator are metric; kilograms (kg), Coulombs (C), metres (m) and seconds (s). Forces are measured in Newtons (N = kg.m/s²) and energies are measured in Joules (J = kg.m²/s²)

constants

Physics begins with a complete rewrite of all the scientific constants generated by the pre-20th century scientists along with the discovery of a few new ones, all of which can be explained using just 4-Primary constants (m, e, Rₙ & tₙ), two ratios (ξₘ& ξᵥ) and a bizarre constant (Σ) that either has no units or volume-squared. In fact, every scientific field (electricity, atomic, mechanical, energy, chemistry, etc.) can now be expressed using these same four units.

There are no tolerances, approximates, estimates, uncertainties or guesswork (statistics) in their values, they are fixed and exact, just as nature intended.
Whilst these constants (≈100) are grouped according to relevance, they may be listed together in a separate window via the calculator's menu item; 'Data Listing>Output'.

Input Data
mₑ = electron mass (magnetic charge)
e = electron electrical charge; the elementary charge unit
Rₙ = neutronic radius; the orbital radius of an electron at the neutronic temperature
tₙ = neutronic period; the orbital period of an electron at the neutronic temperature
ξₘ = static ratio; the ratio of electron and proton mass
ξᵥ = dynamic ratio; Planck:Rydberg velocity ratio
Σ = a very bizarre constant that seems to appear everywhere. It may have no units or m⁶ (volume-squared)
Ṯₙ = not a genuine constant; temperature is convenient scale for the measurement of electro-magnetic energy

Output Data
μₒ = Henry's magnetic field constant
μ = Henry's magnetic field, generated by proton-electron pair at the neutronic temperature
εₒ = Henry's permittivity constant
ε = Henry's permittivity field
ρᵤ = ultimate density; the highest density in nature, that of atomic particles
mₚ = proton mass (magnetic charge)
mₙ = neutron mass (magnetic charge)
Vₑ = volume of an electron
Vₚ = volume of a proton
Vₙ = volume of a neutron
rₑ = body radius of an electron
rₚ = body radius of a proton
rₙ = body radius of a neutron
Jₑ = polar moment of inertia of an electron
Jₚ = polar moment of inertia of a proton
Jₙ = polar moment of inertia of a neutron
aₒ = Rydberg's orbital radius
Rₑ = orbital radius of an electron that has charged its proton partner with the same electrical charge as itself (e)
Rₒ = Planck's maximum orbital radius
Rₘ = Planck's mean orbital radius
vₑ = orbital velocity of an electron that has charged its proton partner with the same electrical charge as itself (e)
vₒ = Planck's minimum orbital velocity
vₘ = Planck's mean orbital velocity
Ṯₐ = the temperature of EME radiated by a proton-electron pair orbiting at Rydberg's radius
Ṯₛ = the temperature radiated by all the active celestial bodies in the universe (outer-space)
Ṯₑ = the temperature of EME radiated by a proton-electron pair when the proton's additional electrical charge is equal to 'e'
Ṯₒ = the temperature of EME radiated by a proton-electron pair at Planck's maximum orbital radius
Ṯₘ = the temperature of EME radiated by a proton-electron pair at Planck's mean orbital radius
G = Newton's gravitational constant
k = Coulomb's force constant
φ = coupling ratio; magnetic charge to electrical charge
h' = Planck's energy constant (corrected)
kᴮ = Boltzmann's energy constant
kᴮ' = Boltzmann's energy constant (modified)
Nᴬ = Avogadro's constant (corrected)
Rᵧ = Rydberg's energy constant
R∞ = Rydberg's wave number
λ∞ = constant for Rydberg's wavelength
Rᵢ = ideal gas constant
α = fine structure constant
X = heat transfer coefficient (electron orbital velocity)
Xᴿ = heat transfer coefficient (electron orbital radius)
Y = potential energy coefficient
RC = electrical charge capacity
hₑ = constant of motion for an orbiting electron
Ṯₓ = minimum possible EME energy in nature; proton-electron pairs separate at lesser temperatures
Rₓ = electron orbital radius at Ṯₓ
vₓ = electron orbital velocity at Ṯₓ
ƒₓ = electron orbital frequency at Ṯₓ
aₓ = proton-electron pair potential acceleration at Ṯₓ
PEₓ = proton-electron pair potential energy at Ṯₓ
KEₓ = electron kinetic energy at Ṯₓ
Fₓ = proton-electron pair potential force at Ṯₓ
Eₓ = proton-electron pair total energy at Ṯₓ
eₓ = proton electrical charge at Ṯₓ
ϵₓ = electron orbital:body ratio at Ṯₓ
Ṯₙ = maximum possible EME energy in nature; proton-electron pairs unite at higher temperatures
Rₙ = electron orbital radius at Ṯₙ
c = electron orbital velocity at Ṯₙ
ƒₙ = electron orbital frequency at Ṯₙ
aₙ = proton-electron pair potential acceleration at Ṯₙ
PEₙ = proton-electron pair potential energy at Ṯₙ
KEₙ = electron kinetic energy at Ṯₙ
Fₙ = proton-electron pair potential force at Ṯₙ
Eₙ = proton-electron pair total energy at Ṯₙ
eₙ = proton electrical charge at Ṯₙ
ϵₙ = electron orbital:body ratio at Ṯₙ
R = potential energy capacity (proton & electron)
Eₜ = potential energy capacity (constant temperature)
Eᵥ = potential energy capacity (constant volume)
Eᵨ = potential energy capacity (constant pressure)
Rₘ = potential energy constant
R = gas constant
c = magnetic charge capacity
RAMₑ = relative atomic mass (electron)
RAMₚ = relative atomic mass (proton)
Rₑ = potential energy capacity (electron)
Rₚ = potential energy capacity (proton)
cₜₑ = potential energy capacity (electron) at constant temperature
cₜₚ = potential energy capacity (proton) at constant temperature
cᵥₑ = potential energy capacity (electron) at constant volume
cᵥₚ = potential energy capacity (proton) at constant volume
cᵨₑ = potential energy capacity (electron) at constant pressure
cᵨₚ = potential energy capacity (proton) at constant pressure
q = electrical charge capacity
RACₑ = relative atomic charge (electron)
RACₚ = relative atomic charge (proton)
Rₑ = potential energy capacity (electron)
Rₚ = potential energy capacity (proton)
qₜₑ = potential energy capacity (electron) at constant temperature
qₜₚ = potential energy capacity (proton) at constant temperature
qᵥₑ = potential energy capacity (electron) at constant volume
qᵥₚ = potential energy capacity (proton) at constant volume
qᵨₑ = potential energy capacity (electron) at constant pressure
qᵨₚ = potential energy capacity (proton) at constant pressure
Nₜ = microstate (constant temperature)
Nᵥ = microstate (constant volume)
Nᵨ = microstate (constant pressure)

energy

This is a simple calculation facility for energy and power using the four primary values.
However, 'e' is not used in these calculations because we still do not understand the concept of 'electrical energy' (C.m²/s²). Even Coulomb had to convert his force formula constant (k) to units of mass (kg.m³ / C².s²) in order to calculate force.
Therefore, only 'm', 'd' and 't' are used in this calculation option.

Input Data
m = magnetic charge (mass)
e = electrical charge (not used)
d = distance (or length)
t = time (or period)< /p>

Output Data
v = velocity of 'm'
a = acceleration of 'm'
I = inertia of 'm'
p = momentum of 'm'
F = force induced by 'm'
M = moment or torque induced by 'm' over 'd'
KE = kinetic energy in 'm' due to 'v'
PE = potential energy in 'm' due to 'a'
P = potential power of 'm' due to 't'

EME

The properties of natural electro-magnetic energy, which is absorbed and radiated only by proton-electron pairs, is dependent upon the kinetic energy of the orbiting electron.
Therefore, if you enter any temperature (in units of Kelvin), which is simply a measure of the orbiting electron's kinetic energy, this calculation option will provide everything you need to know about it at that temperature.

Input Data
Ṯ = temperature of the EME, which is equal to the kinetic energy of the orbiting electron radiating it.

Output Data
v = EME velocity (constant; the speed of light)
λ = EME wavelength
A = EME amplitude
ƒ = EME frequency
Eₘ = EME energy magnitude (KE; specific heat capacity)
Eₜ = EME total energy (PE; Boltzmann)

proton-electron pair

A proton-electron pair is a single proton orbited by a single electron partner. It is actually an hydrogen atom (H). The electron's orbital velocity is dictated by the EME it absorbs from its environment. The higher the EME's energy, the faster the electron will orbit and the smaller will be its orbital radius; exactly as Newton and Coulomb told us.
Temperature is not a genuine constant, it is simply a convenient scale for EME magnitude; so, if you enter the temperature of the environmental EME, this calculation option will tell you everything you need to know about the proton-electron pair's coincident performance.

Input Data
Ṯ = temperature of the EME radiated by the proton-electron pair.

Output Data
R = electron orbital radius
v = electron orbital velocity
a = potential acceleration between the proton-electron pair
t = electron orbital period
ƒ = electron orbital frequency
K = proton-electron pair constant of proportionality
h = electron constant of motion
KE = electron kinetic energy
PE = proton-electron pair potential energy
SEₑ = electron spin energy
SEₚ = proton spin energy
E = proton-electron pair total energy
F = potential force between the proton-electron pair
λ = wavelength of the EME radiated by the proton-electron pair
A = amplitude of the EME radiated by the proton-electron pair
V = electrical voltage generated by the proton-electron pair
I = electrical current generated by the proton-electron pair
Ω = electrical resistance generated by the proton-electron pair
μ = field generated by the proton-electron pair
e' = electrical charge collected by the proton
P = potential power in the proton-electrical pair

atom

Atom is the generic term for a collection of proton-electron pairs that have fused together due to core pressure within a massive, cold body (a galactic force-centre, the great attractor or the ultimate body). Neutrons are ignored when analysing atoms; they become important when analysing elements.
The proton partner of each pair is forced inside the shell of another. Each electron orbits in a 'shell' at a radius that balances repulsion forces with other electrons and the attraction force with its proton partner.
This results in two electrons per shell, which orbit antipodally due to their like electrical charges. But, each of these electrons (in the same shell), orbit their proton partner; not the atomic nucleus, so their orbital centres are offset.
The highest energy proton-electron pairs (2-off) - the temperature that we measure with a thermometer - orbit in shell-1. The temperature of all other shells, each of which holds two orbiting electrons, reduces linearly with orbital radius, the spacing of which are all exactly the same as the innermost orbital radius.

Input Data
Ṯ₁ = measured temperature of the atom; that of the innermost (shell-1) proton-electron pairs (2-off)
N = proton-electron pair shell number for the calculation output data

Output Data
Ṯᴺ = temperature of the EME radiated by the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
R = orbital radius of shell-N
v = orbital velocity of shell-N
a = potential acceleration in proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
t = orbital period of shell-N
ƒ = orbital frequency of shell-N
K = constant of proportionality of shell-N
h = constant of motion of shell-N
KE = kinetic energy in the electrons orbiting in shell-N
PE = kinetic energy in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
SEₑ = spin energy in the electrons orbiting in shell-N
SEₚ = spin energy in the protons orbiting in shell-N
E = total energy in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
F = potential force in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
λ = wavelength of the EME radiated by the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
A = amplitude of the EME radiated by the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
V = electrical voltage in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
I = electrical current in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
Ω = electrical resistance in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
μ = magnetic field generated by the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
e' = electrical charge in the proton partner of the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N
P = potential power in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-N

elements

An element is an atom with neutrons. All elements are actually collections of hydrogen atoms with one or two neutrons attached (deuterium or tritium respectively). The neutronic ratio (ψ) of an element is the ratio of neutrons to protons.
In theory, the neutronic ratio could vary between one and two, but any element with a neutronic ratio greater than 1.6 will immediately self-destruct. Therefore; 1.0 < ψ< 1.6
Neutrons give elements their chemical character.

Input Data
Z = atomic number of the element
Ṯ₁ = measured temperature of the atom; that of the innermost (shell-1) proton-electron pairs (2-off)

Output Data
RAM = default relative atomic mass of the element
ψ = neutronic ratio of the element; neutrons:protons
Γ = gamma function used for the prediction of noble gases
ζ = lattice factor used in the calculation of gas-transition temperature
N = number of electron shells
Nₒ = number of electrons in outermost shell (1 or 2)
R = orbital radius of outermost shell
m = mass of the atomic element
E = potential energy in the proton-electron pairs orbiting in shell-1
SHC = specific heat capacity of the elemental atom

states of matter

All matter is a collection of elements. All same-element matter is a collection of elements with the same atomic number. This option calculates the properties of same-element matter.
All matter can exist either in a gaseous state or a viscous state, transition occurs at the gas-transition point (or temperature).
The state of any matter is determined by the relative inter-atomic forces (electrical and magnetic), if the electrical repulsion force between adjacent protons is greater than the magnetic attraction force, the matter will exist as a gas, otherwise it will exist as viscous matter.
However, inter-atomic pressure can also be calculated using the PVRT formula, in matter in either state, which is how it is calculated here.

Input Data
Z = atomic number of the element
Ṯ₁ = measured temperature of the atom; that of the innermost (shell-1) proton-electron pairs (2-off)

Output Data
RAM = default relative atomic mass of the element
d = inter-atomic spacing @ Ṯ₁
Fₑ = electrical force between adjacent inter-atomic protons @ Ṯ₁
Fₘ = magnetic force between adjacent inter-atomic protons
p = inter-atomic pressure between adjacent atoms (gaseous and viscous) @ Ṯ₁
ρ = elemental matter density
Ṯg = elemental matter gas-transition temperature
μ = dynamic viscosity of elemental matter @ Ṯ₁
ν = kinematic viscosity of elemental matter @ Ṯ₁
γ = surface tension of elemental matter @ Ṯ₁
E = tensile modulus of elemental matter @ Ṯ₁
σᵧ = yield stress of elemental matter @ Ṯ₁
ρₑ = electrical resistivity of elemental matter @ Ṯ₁
ν = Poisson's ratio of elemental matter

PVRT

The purpose of this calculation option is to prove the Newton-Coulomb atomic model, and it does this by demonstrating that the potential energy in the shell-1 proton-electron pairs generates exactly the same result as the Boltzmann calculation method and the ubiquitous PVRT method.
If you enter the properties of any element, along with its environmental temperature, and you get exactly the same result for each calculation method, you can consider the model verified.

Input Data
Z = atomic number of the element
Ṯ₁ = measured (shell-1) temperature of the element
RAM = relative atomic mass of the element
N = number of atoms in the molecule (1 or 2)
ρ = mass density of the elemental matter

Output Data
mₐ = molecular mass
d = atomic spacing
pᵛʳᵗ = inter-atomic pressure according to PVRT calculation method
pᴾᴱ = inter-atomic pressure according to Boltzmann's calculation method
pᴷᴮ = inter-atomic pressure according to Newton-Coulomb calculation method
If all three pressures are identical, the Newton-Coulomb atomic model must be correct

orbits

Orbits are nature's energy generators. They are responsible for inducing planetary spin (see 'Spin' below), which generates the internal [frictional] heat inside satellites that host sub-satellites of their own.
These orbits were first described by Kepler and later clarified by Galileo and Newton. The formulas used here have been derived from Isaac Newton's Principia.
This calculation option provides all the dimensional and performance details of a satellite and its force-centre. You will note that an orbital shape and period is not affected by its satellite mass.
You can demonstrate this by altering 'm₂' and you will see that whilst its performance varies its orbital dimensions remain unchanged. This is because of Newton's constant of proportionality (K), which is identical for all satellites in any orbital system, because it is set (controlled) by the system's force-centre mass.

This calculation option is provided for general use. You may enter any input data you wish, but the default orbit set here is for our earth.

Input Data
m₂ = satellite mass
a = half the length of the orbital major-axis
Rᴾ = perigee distance between satellite and force-centre
t = satellite orbital period
θ = angle of satellite travel through its orbit

Output Data
m₁ = force-centre mass
K = constant of proportionality for all satellites about the same force-centre
ƒ = orbital distance between satellite and force-centre (ƒ = Rᴾ)
xꞌ = distance between force-centre and and centre of orbital majopr-axis
e = orbital eccentricity
b = half the length of the orbital minor-axis
p = orbital half-parameter
A = orbital swept area
L = length of orbital path
d = distance between force-centre and satellite @ θ
v = satellite velocity @ θ
g = potential acceleration between satellite and force-centre @ θ
F = potential force between satellite and force-centre @ θ
PE = potential energy between satellite and force-centre @ θ
KE = satellite kinetic energy @ θ
E = orbital system total energy, which remains constant throughout the orbit
p = satellite momentum @ θ
h = satellite constant of motion, which remains constant throughout the orbit
a:b = orbital axis ratio; major:minor (the orbit is circular if this value is equal to 1)
PE:KE = orbital energy ratio (the orbit is circular if this value is equal to 2 #)
# circular orbits (e.g. proton-electron pairs) are responsible for Henri Poincaré's famous formula E=m.c²;
PE = 2.KE = 2 . ½.m.v² = m.v²; @ light-speed; m.v² = m.c² (the creation of a neutron)

solar system

This calculation option is provided for all of the principal satellites in our solar system. You select a planet, and its orbital dimensions and performance will be modified accordingly.
The default input data (except 'θ') is as provided by NASA. Should NASA alter its observations, you may enter these changes here and the new results will be re-calculated and provided in the output data (see 'Station-Keeping' below).
Whilst you may alter any of the input data as you wish, every time you select and new planet, NASA's default input data will be re-entered.

Input Data
m₂ = satellite mass
a = half the length of the orbital major-axis
Rᴾ = perigee distance between satellite and force-centre
t = satellite orbital period
θ = angle of satellite travel through its orbit

Output Data
m₁ = force-centre mass
K = constant of proportionality for all satellites about the same force-centre
ƒ = orbital distance between satellite and force-centre (ƒ = Rᴾ)
xꞌ = distance between force-centre and centre of orbital major-axis
e = orbital eccentricity
b = half the length of the orbital minor-axis
p = orbital half-parameter
A = orbital swept area
L = length of orbital path
d = distance between force-centre and satellite @ θ
v = satellite velocity @ θ
g = potential acceleration between satellite and force-centre @ θ
F = potential force between satellite and force-centre @ θ
PE = potential energy between satellite and force-centre @ θ
KE = satellite kinetic energy @ θ
E = orbital system total energy, which remains constant throughout the orbit
p = satellite momentum @ θ
h = satellite constant of motion, which remains constant throughout the orbit
a:b = orbital axis ratio; major:minor (the orbit is circular if this value is equal to 1)
PE:KE = orbital energy ratio (the orbit is circular if this value is equal to 2 #)

Milky Way

This calculation option is provided for our sun in its Milky Way galaxy. Our sun is the only satellite option provided here because it is the only 'reliable' information we have for the satellites in our galaxy.
The default input data (except 'θ') is as provided by NASA. Should NASA alter its observations, you may enter these changes here and the new results will be re-calculated and provided in the output data.
If NASA's data is accurate, the mass of our galactic force-centre (Hades) will also be accurate; it is derived from Newton's constant of proportionality.

Input Data
m₂ = satellite mass
a = half the length of the orbital major-axis
Rᴾ = perigee distance between satellite and force-centre
t = satellite orbital period
θ = angle of satellite travel through its orbit

Output Data
m₁ = force-centre mass
K = constant of proportionality for all satellites about the same force-centre
ƒ = orbital distance between satellite and force-centre (ƒ = Rᴾ)
xꞌ = distance between force-centre and centre of orbital major-axis
e = orbital eccentricity
b = half the length of the orbital minor-axis
p = orbital half-parameter
A = orbital swept area
L = length of orbital path
d = distance between force-centre and satellite @ θ
v = satellite velocity @ θ
g = potential acceleration between satellite and force-centre @ θ
F = potential force between satellite and force-centre @ θ
PE = potential energy between satellite and force-centre @ θ
KE = satellite kinetic energy @ θ
E = orbital system total energy, which remains constant throughout the orbit
p = satellite momentum @ θ
h = satellite constant of motion, which remains constant throughout the orbit
a:b = orbital axis ratio; major:minor (the orbit is circular if this value is equal to 1)
PE:KE = orbital energy ratio (the orbit is circular if this value is equal to 2 #)

universe

The universe is simply the rubble blasted from a body that comprised all universal matter (the ultimate body) during the latest 'Big-Bang', all of which has since been travelling in a straight line away from the re-accreted residual rubble (the great attractor). These travelling bodies are galactic force-centres (and their satellites).
All universal matter (galaxies) is today at the periphery of an ellipsoid. Its outward travel is being slowed down by gravitational (magnetic) attraction by the great attractor. It will eventually stop and return to the great attractor augmenting its mass until it becomes sufficiently massive to cause two core neutrons to make contact, initiating the next 'Big-Bang'.
This calculation option defines the straight-line performance of all galaxies based upon the known mass of our own galactic force-centre (see 'Milky Way' above). This cycle of events will repeat with no outside help, but only if there is no 'dark matter'.

Input Data
t = time elapsed since latest 'Big-Bang'
v = Hades' velocity through space today (according to NASA)
ψ = average neutronic ratio for all universal matter
Fᵁ = factor that may be applied to the theoretical ultimate body mass
Fᴳᴬ = the mass of the great attractor; the rubble left over from the latest 'Big-Bang'
% = percentage neutrons split during latest 'Big-Bang'; Little Boy atom bomb is claimed to have lost 3% of its matter #.

Output Data
m̂ᵁ = theoretical (minimum) ultimate body mass assuming a perfect sphere
mᵁ = actual ultimate body mass; 'Fᵁ . m̂ᵁ'
Nₚₑₚ = number of proton-electron pairs in 'mᵁ'
Nₙ = number of neutrons in 'mᵁ'
Eₜ = total neutron energy in 'mᵁ'
E = neutron energy released during latest 'Big-Bang'
u = initial velocity in all universal matter immediately following latest 'Big-Bang'
mᴳᴬ = great attractor mass; gravitational attraction from which is slowing down the outward travel of all universal matter
Eᴴ = launch energy in Hades; 100% kinetic immediately after the 'Big-Bang', gradually converting to 100% potential when all outward travel ceases (half way through a universal period) ##.
a = dynamic acceleration in all universal matter; remains constant throughout universal period
R = Hades' distance from the great attractor today (13.77 bn-yrs according to NASA)
g = gravitational acceleration on Hades by great attractor today
Rₒ = Hades' distance from the great attractor when all outward travel ceases ##
tₒ = time elapsed by Hades' when all outward travel ceases (in seconds) ##
tₒ = time elapsed by Hades' when all outward travel ceases (in billion years) ##
gₒ = gravitational acceleration when all outward travel ceases (g = -a)
K = Newton's constant of proportionality for all universal galaxies
h = Newton's constant of motion for Hades
# a 'Big-Bang' is the instantaneous splitting of neutrons releasing their stored energy
## all matter blasted from the ultimate body (at the same time and a similar kinetic energy) is a similar distance from the great attractor; at the periphery of an ellipsoid

spin

This option calculates the spin (total and relative internal) in all the principal satellites in our solar system; you select a planet and I will calculate its rotary characteristics.
Planetary spin is induced by, but not included in, Isaac Newton's mathematical model for orbits. Spin is induced only by satellites, their sub-satellites and their force-centres, not by any other influence.
Newton's potential and kinetic energies are responsible for counter-rotation of a satellite's core and mantle matter inducing internal [frictional] heat. This heat is responsible for a satellite's character, solid crust, gaseous crust or stellar heat (fission).
A satellite that is not also a force-centre will spin but it will not generate internal heat.
Whilst you may alter the input data as you wish, this calculation option will default to actual lunar energies each time you select a new planet.

Input Data
m = satellite mass
a = satellite orbital half-major axis
Rᴾ = satellite orbital perigee distance
r = satellite body radius
tₒ = satellite orbital period
tₛ = satellite spin period
α = satellite tilt angle
rᶜᵒʳᵉ = satellite core radius
ρᶜᵒʳᵉ = satellite core density
KEₛₛ = sum of kinetic energies in all sub-satellites at their perigee distances
PEₛₛ = sum of potential energies in all sub-satellites at their apogee distances

Output Data
Δ = satellite radial modifier (for polar moment of inertia)
J = satellite polar moment of inertia
E₀ = satellite spin energy due to orbital period
E₁ = satellite's spin energy due to force-centre rotation
E₂ = satellite's total spin energy
E₃ = satellite's spin energy due to sub-satellite orbits
ω₀ = satellite rotational velocity due to E₀
ω₁ = satellite rotational velocity due to E₁
ω₂ = satellite rotational velocity due to E₂
ω₃ = satellite rotational velocity due to E₃
δE = satellite differential spin energy between its core and mantle matter #
δω = satellite differential rotational velocity between its core and mantle matter #
this differential is responsible for generating a celestial body's internal heat due to friction

station-keeping

Station keeping defines a satellite's ability to maintain its orbital path, irrespective of the gravitational (magnetic) influence of neighbouring or passing satellites. This is achieved by the matching a satellite's centrifugal and potential energies, which must always be equal and opposite if the satellite is to remain in orbit.
The calculation result provided here is an error (ϵ) between the calculated value and the orbital data issued by NASA. By altering 'a' and/or 'Rᴾ', you may correct this error.
If you select menu item; 'Data Listing>Plot Co-Ordinates' you will be provided with the velocity ratio co-ordinates that will reproduce error plots throughout the satellites orbit, which may be inserted into a spreadsheet for post-processing.
The NASA data is erroneous and the calculated value is correct. Because the orbital period may be assumed accurate (relatively simple to measure), you should alter 'a' and/or 'Rᴾ' until the error is zero. This calculation option enables us to correct NASA's observed data. The secret is to know which of these two variables is the most reliable!

Input Data
m = satellite mass
a = satellite orbital half-major axis
Rᴾ = satellite orbital perigee distance
t = satellite orbital period

Output Data
ϵ = error between calculated orbital profile and that presented by NASA. If NASA's data is correct, this error should be zero.

core pressure

Core pressure is the pressure inside any and all bodies of matter; it is responsible for atomic fusion in the core of cold bodies. You may determine the core pressure at any radius (Rᵢ) you like.
Whilst this option assumes an homogeneous body (of constant density), a more complex version (variable internal density) is available as a separate calculator on this website.

Input Data
Rᵢ = internal radius where pressure is required
Rₒ = external radius of the body
ρ = density of the body

Output Data
Vᵢ = volume of matter inside 'Rᵢ'
Vₒ = volume of matter outside 'Rᵢ'
mᵢ = mass of matter inside 'Rᵢ'
mₒ = mass of matter outside 'Rᵢ'
F = total gravitational (magnetic) force at 'Rᵢ'
p = internal pressure @ 'Rᵢ'

neutron energy

A proton-electron pair that has achieved the neutronic temperature will unite to create a neutron, which will hold the energy it was generating at the time of its union. All neutrons possess the same energy.
The purpose of this calculation option is to tell you how much neutron energy is held within any mass of any same-element matter.

Input Data
Z = atomic number of elemental matter
RAM = relative atomic mass of elemental matter
m = mass of elemental matter

Output Data
N° = number of neutrons in 'm'
E = total neutronic energy in 'm'

lunar energies

The purpose of this option is to provide the sums and differences of the kinetic and potential energies for each of our solar system's lunar orbital systems according to NASA; you select the satellite and I will provide its lunar energies.
These values are used in the calculations for planetary spin and they are provided here for information only.
The input factor (F) is only for experimentation; it serves no useful purpose. It may be applied to all of the energies listed, but you should leave the value set to 1 for accurate results.

Input Data
F = an arbitrary factor that may be applied to the output data. Should be left set to 1 for accuracy

Output Data
ΣKEᴾ = the sum of all lunar kinetic energies at their orbital perigees
ΣKEᴬ = the sum of all lunar kinetic energies at their orbital apogees
δKE = the difference between 'ΣKEᴾ' and 'ΣKEᴬ'
ΣPEᴾ = the sum of all lunar potential energies at their orbital perigees
ΣPEᴬ = the sum of all lunar potential energies at their orbital apogees
δPE = the difference between 'ΣPEᴾ' and 'ΣPEᴬ'

Applicability

The calculator applies to every aspect of natural physics.

Accuracy

Whilst the calculations in this calculator are 100% accurate, CalQlata accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of the data provided by NASA.

Notes

1. The 'Ultimate-Body' is the mass of collected universal matter of sufficient magnitude to overcome the coupling ratio and compromise the innermost neutrons - releasing their stored energy: the 'Big-Bang'.
2. After the 'Big-Bang', most of the Ultimate-Body's matter remained pretty much where it was previously. This matter is what has been referred to as the 'Great-Attractor'. Its magnetic (gravitational) attraction is slowing down universal expansion, which will eventually stop and eventually re-accrete and will once-again explode into another universal period.

Further Reading

You will find further reading on this subject in reference publications⁽⁶⁷⁾