A working hypothesis for the source and properties of the Big Bang.
Sources: Core Pressure Theory; The Universe; Black Holes?; Laws of Motion; Physical Constants
Related Books: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica Rev. IV; The Universe; The Mathematical Laws of Natural Science
Related Calculators: Core Pressure; Orbital Motion; Physics
CalQlata comment: This is the only study we (at CalQlata) know on this subject that manifestly works.
The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions:
1) Can the universal 'Big-Bang' be explained using Core Pressure and Newton's atom?
2) If so, what were its features?
The answer to question 1) above is yes, moreover, we can explain its features; and it is a lot simpler than you might think.
The 'Big-Bang' was probably caused by the re-accretion of all universal mass exceeding the coupling ratio, causing two core neutrons to contact and split resulting in a nuclear chain reaction.
The actual mass involved is probably > 4.6869E+48 kg, which represents > 2.8E+75 proton-electron pairs, and constitutes the total mass of the universe.
The energy released would have been > 7.37E+60 Joules.
The 'Big-Bang' is a self-repeating event occurring every 64.6286363 billion years (a universal period); it requires no outside assistance. If the Milky-Way galaxy is today travelling at 600,000m/s, we are ≈21% through the current universal period.
Determine the force required to compromise a neutron using the theories of the atom and core pressure
Determine the size of a mass that would generate such a force
Determine the energy released in the resultant explosion
The 'Big Bang' was the consequence of neutron-neutron interaction due to pressure in the core of a massive, cold body; the ultimate body, which constitutes all the mass in the universe. The magnitude of this pressure must be greater than that required to overcome the coupling ratio.
This event occurs when Newton’s attraction force (gravity; G.mₙ²/R²) exceeds Coulomb's repulsion force (electrical charge; k.e²/R²).
Where:
G is Newton's gravitational constant
k is Coulomb's constant
e is the elementary charge
mₙ is the mass of a neutron
R is the diameter of a proton
Together, these formulas define the mass necessary to cause the nuclei of two adjacent atoms to mingle:
mᵤ = k.e² / G.mₙ.φ + mₙ
Where:
mᵤ = the ultimate body mass > 4.68687882273808E+48 kg
or > 2.80059013353655E+75 proton-electron pairs.
If the average neutronic ratio of all universal matter is 1.147962 (iron) the ultimate body held 1.60748552543744E+75 neutrons
representing > 2.63213255710334E+62 Joules of energy (each neutron holds 1.63785606465701E-13 Joules)
And if 2.8% of all the neutrons in the ultimate body were released during the last 'Big-Bang', the energy released must have been; E = 7.36997115988936E+60 Joules
resulting in an initial velocity of all universal matter; v = √[2.E/m] = 1.77744174734959E+06 m/s
where m = ultimate body mass - Great Attractor mass (4.68687882273808E+48kg - 2.13053683333908E+46kg)
If (apart from the residual) the mass of the ultimate body prior to the explosion (mᵤ) is the same as the mass in the universe today, there must be approximately 2.662E+07 [Milky-Way equivalent] galaxies in the universe.
Whilst all galaxies are travelling [away from a common point; the 'Big-Bang'] at about the same velocity, they would all appear to us (here in the Milky Way - and in fact to any other galaxy), that all other galaxies are travelling away from us, and that the farther they are from us the faster they are travelling (Hubble's law). But these 'apparent' velocities are unreal, they are relative to the Milky Way;
they are simply a feature of three-dimensional trigonometry.
You will find further reading on this subject in reference publications(55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 & 66)