Below is a list of engineering applications with CalQlata's suggestion for the most appropriate carbon steel and copper alloys (stainless steels will be added later). The list is not exhaustive and will be updated periodically.
| Application | Metals (SAE Carbon Steel, Copper Alloy) |
|---|---|
| Adapters | 1145 |
| Agricultural equipment | 1070, 1080, 1095 |
| Aircraft forgings | 4140 |
| Anchors, marine | 1008 |
| Axles | 1045, 2340, 2345, 3135, 3140, 3141, 4063, 4340 |
| Battery caps | C24000 |
| Bearings, ball & roller cage | 52100, C82400>C82700, C87500, C90200>91000, C94400, C94700, C54400, C61800 |
| Bearings, ball & roller cage (high-speed) | C94300 |
| Bearings, ball & roller cage (low-speed, heavy duty) | C93700, C93200>C94800, C94500 |
| Bearings, balls & rollers | 4161, 52100 |
| Bellows | C17000, C24000, C51000, C72500 |
| Bolts and screws | 1035, 2330, 4042, C19000, C22000, C26000>C27000, C34000>C35600, C61000, C65100, C74500 |
| Bolts, anchor | 1040 |
| Bolts, connecting rods | 3130 |
| Bolts, heavy duty | 4815, 4820 |
| Bolts, studs | 1035 |
| Bolts, studs (engine) | 3130 |
| Bolts, studs (heavy duty) | 4815, 4820, C28000 |
| Bourdon tubing | C17000, C43500, C51000 |
| Brackets | C87800 |
| Brazing rod | C28000 |
| Brush holders (motors) | C87800 |
| Brushes, wire | C51000>C52100 |
| Bullet jackets | C21000 |
| Bushes | C82200, C82800, C90200>90900, C94400, C95200, C54400, C61800>C62500, C67400 |
| Cams | 4615, 4620, C82400, C82500, C62300>C62500 |
| Camshafts | 1020, 1040 |
| Chains, transmission | 3135, 3140 |
| Chains, marine | 1008, 1022 |
| Clamps | C87800 |
| Clock dials | C24000, C34000 |
| Clutch disks | 1060, 1070, 1085, C51000, C67500 |
| Clutch parts | C82200 |
| Coins, medals, placques | C21000 |
| Connecting rods | 1040 |
| Cotter pins | C19000, C51000 |
| Covers, casings and panels | 1008, 1010, 1015 |
| Crankshaft | 1045, 1145, 3135, 3140, 3141 |
| Crankshaft, diesel engine | 4340 |
| Cutlery | 51335, C7450>C7820 |
| Diaphragm | C17000, C51000 |
| Dies & forming rolls | C62500 |
| Electrical cable, flat | C16500 |
| Electrical components, brazeable and weldable | C14300, C15715, C50500 |
| Electrical conductors (high-conductivity) | C10100>C11600, Gold, Silver, Copper |
| Electrical conductors (HT) | C81300>82100, C12000>C13000 |
| Electrical motor and switch parts | C14700>C15500, C15720, C16200>C16210, C19400, C41300, C51000, C62500, C68800>C69000, C72500 |
| Electronic components | C15715 |
| Fan blades | 1020 |
| Fire extinguishers | C23000 |
| Fittings, pipe | C23000 |
| Forgings, heavy duty | 6150, C37700, C38500 |
| Forgings, light duty | 1035, 1040, 1045, C37700, C38500 |
| Forgings, large | 1036 |
| Furnishings, interior | C61500 |
| Fuse clips & caps | C17000, C21000, C42500 |
| Gears, carburized | 1320, 2317, 3115, 3120 |
| Gears, cyanide hardened | 5140 |
| Gears, differential | 4023 |
| Gears, heavy duty | 4640, 6150 |
| Gears, ring | 1045, 3115, 3120, 4119 |
| Gears, transmission | 3115, 3120, 4119, C82400, C82500, C87500, C90300>C1700, C95200>C95600, C19000, C34000, C54400, C62300 |
| Hardware | C97300>C7800, C22000, C76390 |
| Heatsink | C15720 |
| Hinges | C26000>C27000, C33500, C38500 |
| Hose, flexible | C24000, C41100, C50500 |
| Impellers | C87500, C90300, C93700>C93900 |
| Jewellery | C21000>C22600, C41300, C73500>C75400 |
| Joints, knuckle | 3141 |
| Joints, universal | 1145 |
| Keys | C78200 |
| Key stock | 1030, 2330, 3130 |
| Levers | 1030, 2330 |
| Locks | C26000>27000, C38500 |
| Marine equipment & parts | C95300>C95800, C96200, C99400>99750, C46400>C48500, C61300>C61400 |
| Marine castings | C97600, C22000 |
| Moulds, glass-making | C99300 |
| Moulds, plastic | C82400>C82700 |
| Musical instruments | C24000, C43500, C73500 |
| Musical instruments, parts | C97800 |
| Nozzles | C94700 |
| Nuts | 2330, 3130, C87800, C95300, C28000, C62400>C65500 |
| Ornaments | C97300>C97800 |
| Pickling components | C95300>C95500, C31400 |
| Pinions | 3115, 3120, 4320, C54400 |
| Pins, transmission chain | 4320, 4815, 4820, C19100, C26000>C27000 |
| Pins, knuckle | 4815, 4820 |
| Pins, piston | 3115, 3120 |
| Plates, condenser | C28000, C36500, C37000, C44300>C44500, C46400>C46700, C54400, C70400>C72200 |
| Plates, name, instrument (e.g. clocks) | C34000>C35600, C73500>C75700, C78200 |
| Plumbing parts | C26000>C27000, C33000 |
| Pressurised castings | C93700 |
| Pressurised parts (<290°C) | C92200 |
| Propellers | C95700 |
| Propeller hubs | C95800 |
| Propellers, small | C87500 |
| Pump bodies (acid resisting) | C95200, C33000 |
| Pump, parts | C82400, C82500, C95200, C62300, C67500 |
| Radiator parts, high duty | C23000, C26000>C27000 |
| Radiator parts, low duty | C26800>C27000 |
| Rings, piston | C90300>C90700, C91000 |
| Rings, sealing | C90300 |
| Rings, snap | 1060 |
| Rivets | 1008, 1010, 1015, C19400, C22000, C26000>C27000, C34000, C46400>C46700, C65100, C74500 |
| Rocker arms | C87500 |
| Roll-pins | C17000 |
| Screw, machine and parts (conductive) | C18700 |
| Screw, machine and parts | C31400, C33200, C48200>C48500, C65100 |
| Screw, machine and parts (high-speed) | C36000 |
| Shaft, propeller | 2340, 2345, 4140, C46400>C46700, C65500 |
| Shaft, spline | 1045, 1320 |
| Shaft, transmission | 4140, C67500 |
| Sleeves | C41100, C51100 |
| Spark-plug contacts | C19400 |
| Springs, clutch | 1060 |
| Springs, coil | 4063, C26000>C27000, C51000, C77000 |
| Springs, high-conductivity | C15500, C15720 |
| Spring, contact | C19400>C19500, C38500, C41500>C43400, C63800, C68800>C69000, C70400>C72500 |
| Springs, cushion | 1060 |
| Springs, leaf | 1085, 9260 |
| Springs, oil-tempered wire | 1066 |
| Springs, seat | 1095 |
| Springs, switch | C15720 |
| Springs, valve | 1060 |
| Structural sections | 1070, C61300>C61400 |
| Tie-rods | C19100, C61000, C62400 |
| Tools, non-sparking | C82400, C82500 |
| Transmission lines (high-strength) | C16200>C16210 |
| Tubing, condenser | C14200, C19400, C23000, C28000, C44300>C44500, C54400, C61300>C61400, C67500, C70400>C72200 |
| Tubing, distillery | C44300>C44500, C67500 |
| Tubing, heat-exchanger | C19200, C23000, C28000, C54400, C65100, C67500, C70400>C72200 |
| Tubing, high-temperature, low corrosion | C12200>C13000 |
| Tubing, plumbing | C23000 |
| Turnbuckle barrels | C19100, C46400>C46700 |
| Valves | C82400, C82500, C94700, C97300>97800, C64200, C67500 |
| Valve guides | C95200 |
| Valve guides and seats (aircraft) | C95500 |
| Valve parts | C90300, C54400, C64200 |
| Valve seats | C95200>C95700, C97800, C62300 |
| Valve stems | C87500, C87600, C94700, C99400, C46400>C48500, C64200, C67500 |
| Valve stems (high-strength & corrosion resistant) | C69400 |
| Vessels and tanks | C60800>C61400 |
| Washers | C40500 |
| Washers, locking | 1060, C51000 |
| Washers, thrust | 1060, C41100, C54400 |
| Watch cases | C33500, C78200 |
| Wear guides | C94700, C67400 |
| Welding equipment | C17000>C19100 |
| Welding jaws | C95300 |
| Welding electrodes | C15720, C16500 |
| Welding, soldering and brazing torch tips | C14700>C15000, C15760, C19100 |
| Worms | C95600, C62300 |
| Wire, music | 1085 |
| Wire, spring | 1045 |
| Wire, oil-tempered spring | 1055 |
You will find further reading on this subject in reference publications(1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 17, 21, & 44)